I love the pics you have taken!
About lenses... I use the lens it came with. It's just a wide angle kit lens. I don't have a whole lot of money to spend either so I learned to work with I have. You just need a steady hand or tripod, patience and no fear to play with the settings.
You can use ISO 400 or less. The higher the ISO usually the higher the noise (grain) in the picture. The shutter and aperture settings depend on the lighting.
The shutter measures from fractions of a second to 30 minutes or even higher. The longer the shutter is open the higher the time. So 1/4000 sec is super fast and usually used for high light situations like outside clear day time shots. 1 sec means the shutter is open for 1 second. If you are holding the camera you might experience some blur because when the shutter is open its recording light and taking in light while you or the subject is moving. This is ideal for low light shots.
Aperture is used for depth of field and for letting in more light kind of like your pupil.
ISO is a setting that allows your camera to be more sensitive to light. If you are in a low light setting (like a play) and there is action on stage and you cant use a flash and you need to slow down the shutter to get enough light to capture the pic you will end up with a blurry shot because the subject is moving. Raising the ISO will allow you to keep the shutter speed up and get a clear shot. To me ISO is a digital setting. Meaning if you raise it too much it can actually hurt the picture. I compare it to digital zoom vs. optical zoom. I know you have that setting so you can actually try it. Optical zoom pictures are never pix-elated. Digital zoom pics tend to pix-elate the picture and too much actually hurt the picture. It's been a while since I used digital zoom so things might have changed... IDK.
If you keep practicing and play with the settings you will get the hang of it. I would recommend using the auto setting to see what the camera recommends. Write those settings down. Shutter (S) Aperture (A) and ISO mainly. They put it on manual and start with those settings and then tweak them to your liking. You seem to have gotten a great start to shooting as these pics are amazing. Keep practicing and sharing!
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