No, I have no idea what all the LFS uses and yes I do have challenges of all kinds. I doubt many of the employees all know collectively what all is in the system(s) they are selling from in most of our LFS's. Its more important for me to know the salinity they have the live stock in that I am about to buy. I then check what they tell me and acclimate accordingly because changing that too fast will mess up living animals immensly.

There is far too much hype over minute quantities of copper. I posed such questions back to you, not especially for you, but to get people reading this to think about it. How much would you really be dosing copper wise if you did add a little LFS water? Once figured out, would it be significant enough to raise the quatity of copper in the system you (they or anyone has) beyond what is already in artificial salt mixes, some foods and some additives?

I think you would call dumping the bag into a nano a water change. In the case of adding all that to a nano, then it would do some damage. Why would anyone do a water change with LFS water? I simply posed the mathematical question back to you. How many gallons of tank are you talking about? In my example, thats really a pretty small reef tank as reefs go.

I am not authorized to issue pardons, you'll have to talk to the President or someone else for that.